History of journalism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The history of journalism, or the development of the gathering and transmitting of news, spans the growth of technology and trade, marked by the advent of specialized techniques for gathering and disseminating information on a regular basis that has caused, as one history of journalism surmises, the steady increase of . Before the printing press was invented, word of mouth was the primary source of news. Returning merchants, sailors and travelers brought news back to the mainland, and this was then picked up by pedlars and travelling players and spread from town to town. This transmission of news was highly unreliable, and died out with the invention of the printing press. Newspapers have always been the primary medium of journalists since 1. Internet in the 2. These existed simultaneously. The Roman Empire published Acta Diurna (. They were carved in metal or stone and posted in public places. In China, early government- produced news sheets, called tipao, were commonly used among court officials during the late Han dynasty (2nd and 3rd centuries AD). In 1. 55. 6, the government of Venice first published the monthly Notizie scritte (. These avvisi were handwritten newsletters and used to convey political, military, and economic news quickly and efficiently throughout Europe, more specifically Italy, during the early modern era (1. Around the 1. 5th and 1. England and France, long news accounts called . These publications also appeared as pamphlets and small booklets (for longer narratives, often written in a letter format), often containing woodcut illustrations. Literacy rates were low in comparison to today, and these news publications were often read aloud (literacy and oral culture were, in a sense, existing side by side in this scenario). By 1. 40. 0, businessmen in Italian and German cities were compiling hand written chronicles of important news events, and circulating them to their business connections. The idea of using a printing press for this material first appeared in Germany around 1.
2 FRAMEWORK ON EFFECTIVE RURAL COMMUNICATION FOR DEVELOPMENT Source:Birner et al. In the traditional research context. 4 FRAMEWORK ON EFFECTIVE RURAL COMMUNICATION FOR DEVELOPMENT BOX 1 Communication for. Corporate Social Responsibility in Rural Development. Corporate Social Responsibility in Rural Development Sector. Corporate Social Responsibility in Rural Development Sector. The first gazettes appeared in German cities, notably the weekly Relation aller Fuernemmen und gedenckw. The Avisa Relation oder Zeitung was published in Wolfenb. By 1. 65. 0, 3. 0 German cities had active gazettes. Antwerp was the hub of two networks, one linking France, Britain, Germany, and the Netherlands; the other linking Italy Spain and Portugal. Favorite topics included wars, military affairs, diplomacy, and court business and gossip. Jean Loret is considered to be one of France's first journalists. He disseminated the weekly news of music, dance and Parisian society from 1. La Muse historique (1. Britain. Named The Bengal Gazette . On May 3. 0, 1. 82. Udant Martand (The Rising Sun), the first Hindi- language newspaper published in India, started from Calcutta (now Kolkata), published every Tuesday by Pt. Jugal Kishore Shukla. India's press in the 1. Few extended beyond their small communities and seldom tried to unite the many castes, tribes, and regional subcultures of India. The Anglo- Indian papers promoted purely British interests. Englishman Robert Knight (1. English- language newspapers that reached a broad Indian audience, The Times of India and the Statesman. They promoted nationalism in India, as Knight introduced the people to the power of the press and made them familiar with political issues and the political process. They needed up- to- date market and political information. El Mercurio was founded in Valparaiso, Chile, in 1. The most influential newspaper in Peru, El Comercio, first appeared in 1. The Jornal do Commercio was established in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1. Much later Argentina founded its newspapers in Buenos Aires: La Prensa in 1. La Nacion in 1. 87. Experimental television was being studied before the 2nd world war, became operational in the late 1. Internet journalism. The Internet undercut the business model of many daily newspapers. Bankruptcy loomed across the U. S. Chapman and Nuttall find that proposed solutions, such as multiplatforms, paywalls, PR- dominated news gathering, and shrinking staffs have not resolved the challenge. The result, they argue, is that journalism today is characterized by four themes: personalization, globalization, localization, and pauperization. Carey identified the . The field was dominated by a Whig interpretation of journalism history. Wan- Press. org, A Newspaper Timeline, World Association of Newspapers^Infelise, Mario. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2. Thomas Schroeder, . Sterling Publishers Pvt Ltd. Journalism And Mass Communication. ISBN 9. 78- 8. 1- 7. Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. ISBN 9. 78- 8. 1- 2. Bradford Burns; Julie A. Latin America: A Concise Interpretive History. Chapman and Nick Nuttall, Journalism Today: A Themed History (Wiley- Blackwell, 2. David Paul Nord, . The Rise of Western Journalism 1. Essays on the Press in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Great Britain and the United States (2. Conboy, Martin. Journalism: A Critical History (2. Crook; Tim. International Radio Journalism: History, Theory and Practice (Routledge, 1. Dooley, Brendan, and Sabrina Baron, eds. The Politics of Information in Early Modern Europe (Routledge, 2. Lagerkvist, Johan. After the Internet, Before Democracy (2. China. Lynch, Marc. Voices of the New Arab Public: Iraq, Al- Jazeera, and Middle East Politics Today (Columbia University Press 2. Peers Frank W. The Politics of Canadian Broadcasting, 1. University of Toronto Press, 1. Rugh, William A. Arab Mass Media: Newspapers, Radio, and Television in Arab Politics (Praeger, 2. Wolff, Michael. The Man Who Owns the News: Inside the Secret World of Rupert Murdoch (2. A media baron in Australia, UK and the USHuang, C. The history of British journalism: from the foundation of the newspaper press in England, to the repeal of the Stamp act in 1. The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom (Oxford University Press, 1. Clarke, Bob. From Grub Street to Fleet Street: An Illustrated History of English Newspapers to 1. Ashgate, 2. 00. 4)Crisell, Andrew An Introductory History of British Broadcasting. The March of Journalism: The Story of the British Press from 1. Present Day (1. 95. Jones, A. Powers of the Press: Newspapers, Power and the Public in Nineteenth- Century England (1. Lee, A. The Origins of the Popular Press in England, 1. My trade: a short history of British journalism (2. Scannell, Paddy, and Cardiff, David. A Social History of British Broadcasting, Volume One, 1. Basil Blackwell, 1. Silberstein- Loeb, Jonathan. The International Distribution of News: The Associated Press, Press Association, and Reuters, 1. Disreputable profession: journalists and journalism in colonial Australia (Central Queensland University Press, 1. Harvey, Ross. A history of journalism in Canada (1. Pearce, S. Shameless Scribblers: Australian Women. The monthly epic: A history of Canadian magazines, 1. Vine, Josie. The Newspaper Press in New South Wales: 1. The Golden Web (Oxford University Press, 1. The Image Empire: A History of Broadcasting in the United States, Vol. From 1. 95. 3 (1. The Sponsor (1. 97. A Tower in Babel (1. American broadcasting. Blanchard, Margaret A., ed. History of the Mass Media in the United States, An Encyclopedia. Fireside Politics: Radio and Political Culture in the United States, 1. Emery, Michael, Edwin Emery, and Nancy L. The Press and America: An Interpretive History of the Mass Media 9th ed. Conflicting Communication Interests in America: The Case of National Public Radio (Praeger Publishers, 1. Mc. Kerns, Joseph P., ed. Biographical Dictionary of American Journalism. Up From the Footnote: A History of Women Journalists. American Journalism: A History of Newspapers in the United States Through 2. Years, 1. 69. 0- 1. Communities of Journalism: A History of American Newspapers and Their Readers. Discovering the News: A Social History of American Newspapers. The Media in America: A History, 4th ed. The Creation of the Media: Political origins of Modern Communications (2. US and Europe; Pulitzer prize excerpt and text search. Streitmatter, Rodger. Mightier Than the Sword: How the News Media Have Shaped American History (1. Vaughn, Stephen L., ed. Encyclopedia of American Journalism (2. Magazines. Magazines That Make History: Their Origins, Development, and Influence (2. Time, Der Spiegel, Life, Paris Match, National Geographic, Reader's Digest, . The Oxford Critical and Cultural History of Modernist Magazines: Volume I: Britain and Ireland 1. Haveman, Heather A. Magazines and the Making of America: Modernization, Community, and Print Culture, 1. Princeton University Press, 2. Mott, Frank Luther. A History of American Magazines (five volumes, 1. Summer, David E. The Magazine Century: American Magazines Since 1. Peter Lang Publishing; 2. Examines the rapid growth of magazines throughout the 2. Wood, James P. Magazines in the United States (1. W. National and Transnational News Distribution 1.
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